Emergency Department · CCS Case Walkthrough

Shortness of Breath — Community-Acquired Pneumonia

72-year-old female presents with 3 days of productive cough, fever to 102°F, chills, and progressive dyspnea on exertion.

Step-by-Step Approach

  1. Assess vitals including SpO2, start supplemental O2 if needed
  2. Obtain chest X-ray (PA and lateral)
  3. Order CBC, BMP, blood cultures x2, sputum culture, procalcitonin
  4. Calculate CURB-65 or PSI score to determine disposition
  5. Start empiric antibiotics — ceftriaxone + azithromycin for inpatient
  6. Order IV fluids if hypotensive or dehydrated
  7. Reassess at 24–48 hours; narrow antibiotics based on culture results
  8. DVT prophylaxis if admitted

Common Orders Checklist

Chest X-ray PA/lateral
CBC with differential
BMP
Blood cultures x2
Sputum culture and Gram stain
Procalcitonin
Lactate
Ceftriaxone 1g IV
Azithromycin 500 mg IV/PO
NS bolus
Supplemental O2
Incentive spirometry
DVT prophylaxis

Common Pitfalls

  • Not ordering blood cultures BEFORE starting antibiotics
  • Forgetting to assess severity — inpatient vs outpatient changes treatment
  • Missing lactate in a potentially septic patient
  • Not starting DVT prophylaxis on admission
  • Using fluoroquinolone monotherapy in a patient who can tolerate beta-lactam

Related Topics

COPD ExacerbationSepsisPulmonary Embolism
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